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A proxy, also known as a proxy, also known as a proxy server often referred to as a proxy server, is software which acts as a mediator between client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request for resources directly to a server, and it would serve that resource to its user directly. While this procedure is easy to understand and implement using proxy servers, it could bring benefits in the form of increased performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of protection proxy, it acts as a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and users.

It is generally accepted that the combination of server hardware and proxy software is commonly referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we'll focus on proxy servers which are usually classified as software and also in the context of web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two main types of proxies: the forward proxy as well as a reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to a similar the name convention.

This article will give you an idea of the different types of proxy and what their subtypes, and their importance in common setups. Through this article, you'll know how to identify the circumstances where a reliable proxy could be useful, and choose the correct alternative between forward and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy also called an open proxy, also known as an open serves as an intermediary between a client that is trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this instance, any request made by the user will be routed straight via the forward proxy. A forward proxy in the place of the client will review the request. The first step is to determine whether the client is permitted access to requests made by this specific forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the original server. The client does not have connection to any internet. It has access to only the web pages that the forward proxy allows its access.

One of the most frequent applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy and security when surfing the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as a client, and in that process, it uses an alternate IP address in addition to the client's IP address.

Based on the way it is configured based on how it is configured forward proxy can provide a range of features depending on how it is configured and allows you to:

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  Stay clear of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine restrictions based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that offer central security and access to users based on permissions, for instance at the workplace. Internet traffic can go through an open forward proxy, administrators can restrict access to certain clients on the internet that is protected by a common firewall. In lieu of having firewalls in place for the client layer which can include multiple devices that have different configurations and users it is possible to have a firewall located at the front proxy layer.

Take note that forward proxy settings need to be set manually for be used, however reverse proxies will be ignored by the client. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is passed to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or kept secret.

There are a variety of choices to be considered for forward proxy options:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source server used for web hosting that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Check out our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward-looking proxy, which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to examine how you can create a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as the web server that handles the incoming requests of customers on behalf of. The web server could represent a single or multiple servers. It may additionally be an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these cases, the request for an application is received by a user on the internet. In most cases the request will be directed directly to a web server along with the information that the user is seeking. However, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary and isolates your web server from contact with the open internet.

From the perspective of the individual client's viewpoint the procedure of using reverse proxy isn't different from using a Web server to communicate in direct contact. It's the same process, and the client cannot tell the difference. Client requests the resource, which is followed by receiving it with no extra configuration required by the user.

Reverse proxy providers offer features such as:

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  A centralized layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed based on the rules you determine.
  
  
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  New functionality added for caching.
  
  

Although centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxy adds this function to only the server layer but not to the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers which may contain many servers with different configurations, most of the firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy level. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls as well as communicating with requests from clients far from web servers permits them to focus on serving the needs of their customers.

In the case of multiple servers existing through reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing what requests are routed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers offering identical content, but providing different services or a mixture of the two. They could be running the HTTP protocol, which is a typical web server, but can contain different protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific server depending on the resource requested or to comply with specific guidelines on the volume of traffic.

Reverse proxies can benefit from their placement over web servers, by providing the ability to store information. Large static assets can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers on every request. Some solutions providing the option to serve static content directly without contacting the web server in any way. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can handle compressing these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a popular reverse proxy service. Although there is similar functionality that is available in Apache web server does have a reverse proxy features as an additional option that is accessible for Apache however Nginx was originally designed for and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Usage Situations

Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing since both types of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between both reverse and forward proxies is to look at the requirements of the app you're developing.

A reverse proxy could be beneficial when you are developing a solution to serve applications that are online. They represent your web servers when you interact with the internet.

Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are placed in front of customers to facilitate your personal use, or even in a business environment. They represent your client traffic in any interactions with the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified the meaning of a proxy is and the two primary kinds of proxy: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the benefits were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're looking to know more about the implementation of proxy servers, you can check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and webserver proxy using Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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