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A proxy or proxy server, is a program that acts as an intermediary between client and server via the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request for resources directly to a server and it would serve the resource directly back towards the customer. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement but the addition of proxy servers can offer benefits including improved efficiency, privacy, security, and more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy serves as a guardian to the internet between clients and servers.

The bundled system of server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is also commonly referred to as a proxy server. This article will concentrate on the proxies that are usually classified as software, and in the context of web servers. We will discuss of two types of proxies, the other being a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own application, and is frequently confused due to the resemblance of namesake convention.

This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxies and subtypes, as well as their benefits for setups that are common. If you read this article, you'll to recognize situations where the use of proxies is advantageous, and then choose the best choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also known as open proxy. An open proxy acts as the representative of a client who wishes to send an internet request to the server that originated it. In this situation every attempt to send requests made by the client will instead be directed through the forward proxy. Forward proxy in lieu of the client will review the request. It will first determine if this client is authorized to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or send it to the origin server. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet and can only access what the forward proxy allows it to access.

The most common reason to use forward proxies is the increased privacy or anonymity on the internet. Forward proxy's access to the internet through clients and, in this manner it can use an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the user.

Depending on the way it's set up, the forward proxy can provide a variety of functions and the capability to:

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  Beware of Ad-trackers.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide centralized security as well as access to users based on permissions, for instance in a workplace. All internet traffic can pass through a forward proxy, an administrator is in a position to grant only specific clients to access the internet using a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls installed for the client layer, which could include multiple machines with varying settings and environment the firewall is installed in an forward proxy layer.

It is essential to note that forward proxy settings must be manually setup to allow the forward proxy to function in order to be used, while reverse proxy settings are not able to be detected by the user. Based on whether or not the IP address of a user is passed on to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or not.

There are a variety of options to consider for forward proxy choices:

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  Apache An open source well-known web server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx Another well-known open-source web hosting server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid is a free forward proxy that runs on the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server system. It is possible to refer to our article on the best method of configuring Squid proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it better suited for scenarios like peer-to -peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy serves as an intermediary between web servers, and is able to handle requests from customers for the web server. Web servers can function as a single server or a number of servers. Additionally, it can be an application server such as Gunicorn. In all cases, an application request is made from a user via the internet in general. Most of the time, the request will go directly to the web server which hosts the content that the client is looking for. The reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to isolate your server from interaction with the internet's open.

From a consumer's point of the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting to your webserver directly. It is functionally identical, but the user can't discern the distinction. Client requests an item and receives it, without requiring any additional configuration for the end user.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  The server for the web is secure centrally.
  
  
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  Directing traffic according to the rules you establish.
  
  
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  Added functionality for caching.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this feature only to only the server layer and not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers which may comprise multiple servers that have different configurations, the majority protection of the firewall is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the responsibility of connecting to a firewall and interacting with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to concentrate on serving the resources.

If there are multiple servers existing with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy will be also responsible for controlling which requests go at which server. There may be several web servers that are running on the same server, each serving different types of resources or a combination of both. They could be using the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. They can also include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers in accordance with the service being requested, or to observe certain guidelines regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies are also able to take advantage of their placement over web servers by making use of caching. The large static files can be configured with caching rules to avoid getting into web servers for every request. Some solutions even allowing you to provide static files without having to connect to the web server in any way. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.

The popular Nginx webserver is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. Although it's not a reverse proxy, the Apache web server is also available with the reverse proxy option as an added feature that is available for Apache however Nginx was originally designed to and specifically focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" along with "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality, and also misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels can be confusing as both types of proxies can handle requests as well as responses. Another method of separating between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to study the requirements of the application that you're developing.

Reverse proxy is an effective tool when you are creating a solution for serving applications that are on the web. They are your web servers in any interaction with the Internet.

Forward proxy is a great tool to have in front clients to use for personal purposes, or even in a business environment. They represent your client traffic when you are on the internet.

A distinction that is based on the use case instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article described what a proxy is as well as two types of them: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use and a discussion of the most beneficial features was used to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're looking to learn how to set up proxies, we recommend you read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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