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A proxy, also known as a proxy, also known as a proxy server also referred to the proxy server, is software which functions as mediator between client and server on the internet. Without proxy, a user will send a request directly to a server, and it would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. Although this is a simple process to comprehend and implement using proxies, it can provide benefits in the form of improved performance as well as privacy, security and much more. In addition to providing a layer of security, a proxy acts as a guardian to the internet between servers and users.

In general, the set of server hardware and proxy software is often referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we'll focus on proxy servers, which are generally defined as software, and when it comes to web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main types of proxies: the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each kind has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to a similar the name convention.

This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are, and their importance in standard setups. By reading this article, you'll understand what circumstances in which an effective proxy is beneficial, and choose the correct solution in between reverse and forward proxy, based on the circumstances.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also called an open proxy serves as an intermediary for the client who is trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this instance, any request made by the client will instead be directed straight through forward-proxy. A forward proxy in the place of the client will scrutinize the request. It will first determine if the client is permitted to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or send it to the server that originally received it. The client has no directly access to internet. It has access to only the information that forward proxy gives its access.

The most frequent applications of forward proxies is to increase privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as the client and in this process, it will use an alternative IP address for the client's IP address.

Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it is configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending upon the configuration, which allows users to:

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  Stay clear of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any restrictions based on your geographical area.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide centralized security and access based on permissions, such as in the workplace. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to restrict access to certain clients to the internet that is protected by a common firewall. As opposed to having firewalls in place for the client layer which may include multiple computers with different configurations and users there is the option to have a firewall located at the front proxy layer.

Take note to note that settings for forward proxy need to be manually set up to be used, however reverse proxies will be ignored by the client. Based on the fact that the IP address of a user is transmitted to the server from which it came from by the forward proxy, privacy and security could be granted or kept secret.

There are a variety of alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Take a look at our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suited for cases like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to know how to create a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy is the web server which handles the incoming requests of customers on behalf of. The web server may represent a single, or a number of servers. It may also be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these cases, the request for an application is received by a user on the internet. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the server with the resources the client is requesting. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that isolates your website server from communication with the open internet.

From the point of view of the client an individual's point of view the procedure of using reverse proxy isn't any different than using a Web server to communicate in direct contact. It's exactly the same however the client can't discern the difference. The client requests the resource, which is followed by receiving it without the need for any extra configuration required by the end-user.

Reverse proxy providers offer functions like:

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  A central layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in is based upon rules that you can define.
  
  
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  New caching functionality has been added.
  
  

Although centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this for only the server layer, but not the client layer. In lieu of focussing on maintenance of firewalls at the web server layer which may contain many servers and various configurations, most of the firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy level. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients far from web servers enables them to concentrate on delivering the requirements of their clients.

If there are multiple servers running through reverse proxy reverse proxy is also responsible for directing what requests will go via which server. There may be several web servers offering the same content, and each providing different services or a combination of the two. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but can include different protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy servers to redirect visitors to specific server depending on the service requested or to comply with specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.

Reverse proxies can benefit from their placement over web servers by giving them the ability to cache data. Large static assets can be set up using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with each request. Some solutions providing the option to directly serve static assets without having to contact the web server in any way. Furthermore the reverse proxy is able to manage compressing these assets.

The popular Nginx web server also functions as a popular reverse proxy option. While there is a similar feature that is available in Apache web server, it does include reverse proxy capabilities as an additional option that is accessible for Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed for and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between both reverse and forward proxies is to study the requirements of the app you're creating.

Reverse proxy is beneficial when you are developing a solution to serve websites via the internet. They are your servers when you interact with the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when placed before customers for your personal use, or even in a work environment. They represent the traffic of your clients in any interactions with the internet.

The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on standard naming conventions could help in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we explained what a proxy is and the two primary kinds of proxy: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the attributes that are beneficial were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about how proxies are implemented then you should check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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