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An proxy often referred to as proxy server software that acts as a mediator between a client and a server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, a user can send a request for an item directly to a server, and the server would deliver the item directly to the user. While this is a simple method to comprehend and implement the addition of proxy servers can bring advantages in terms of enhanced performance security, privacy, and more. In addition to providing a layer of security, proxies act as a security guardian of the internet, separating clients from servers.

The general consensus is that the set of server hardware and proxy software is also frequently known as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxies typically classified as software, and in the web server context. This article will give a synopsis of the two main types of proxies, which include a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own use that can cause confusion due to the same name convention.

This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies are and what subtypes they are and how they work in the typical setups. In in this post, you'll be able to identify the scenarios that are the best to use a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy for any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In other words forward proxy also called or an open proxy is a proxy of a client who wants to make an internet-based request to an origin server. In this situation, any request made by the client is instead routed straight through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place of the client, will examine the request. It will first determine if this user is authorized accept requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then decide if it is authorized to refuse a request or send it back to the original server. The client is unable to directly access the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy permits the client access.

The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to improve privacy or security when surfing the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet in the place of a client and, in this way it could employ an alternative IP address to the IP address originally utilized by the client.

Depending on how they've been configured in the past, forward proxy servers can provide a range of options and allow you to:

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  Avoid ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify restrictions based upon your geographic location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, such as at work. When all traffic on the internet passes via an open forward proxy layer administrators can restrict access to only those clients who are and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer that could include a variety of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be put into the forward proxy layer.

It is important to note that settings for forward proxy have to be manually configured for use to function in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy settings are ignored by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is sent to the origin server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.

There are several possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache: A popular open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver that has forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. Squid isn't a complete internet server. Follow our step-by-step instructions to install Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante forward proxy which runs using the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look at the procedure for installing the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as a representation of web servers that handle the incoming requests of clients in its place. The web server may include a server or multiple servers. Also, it could be used as an application server like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request for an application comes by a user on the internet in general. In most cases the request will be directed directly to the web server with the data the user is seeking. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, shielding Web server from any direct contact with the public internet.

From the point of viewpoint, or from a user's perspective, working with a reverse proxy is no any different from using direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same thing, however the user is unable to be able to discern the difference. The client requests an item and receives it, with no additional configuration needed on the part of the client.

Reverse proxies provide features such as:

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  Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can design.
  
  
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  The caching function has been added to the app.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature only to the server layer, and not the client layer. Instead of having firewalls running on servers on the internet,, which can contain a variety of servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be focused at reverse proxy layers. Also, the removal of the responsibility to interact with firewalls as well as dealing with clients' requests without the need for web servers enables them to concentrate on serving the needs of their customers.

When there is a multitude of servers hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible for directing what requests go to which server. There could be multiple web servers offering identical content offering different kinds of content or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol exactly the same way as a traditional web server, however they could also include different protocols for applications servers, such as FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers in accordance with the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position before web servers by delivering caching capabilities. The large static files can be set up by using caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions even allowing you to serve static assets immediately without needing to connect to the web server once. In addition, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy solution. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is also able to function with reverse proxy feature as an additional characteristic of Apache however Nginx was designed initially to and is focused on its reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Since "forward" or "reverse" have a connotation of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing as both types of proxies are able to handle requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the application you're building.

Reverse proxy is useful when designing a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server for when you use the web.

Forward proxy is useful when it is placed before clients to use for personal reasons or in a corporate environment. They represent your customers whenever you use the internet.

The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions could help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

This article defined the meaning of a proxy using two types of proxy: the forward one and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about how to set up proxies you can check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy using Apache in Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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