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It's proxy or proxy server. proxy or proxy server, is a software program for servers that serves as an intermediary between a the server and the client on the internet. Without an intermediary, a user would be able to submit a request for any resource directly to the server and the server would serve any requested resources directly to user. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement with proxies, it can provide benefits in terms of greater performance and privacy, security and much more. As a layer of pass-through, the proxy functions as a security guardian of the internet between the servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the bundled combination of server hardware and the software used to set up proxy installations is often referred in the context of proxy servers. In this post, we'll focus on proxies typically understood as software, and the ones used together with web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main kinds of proxies: a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own specific usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the naming conventions that are similar.

This article will provide you with some understanding about what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as what they can do for most common configurations. In this article, you can identify the scenarios in which an effective proxy is advantageous, and then choose the right solution between forward and reverse proxy options for each circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In other words, a forward proxy also known as an open proxy is the client's representative that is trying to send a request via the internet to an origin server. In this case, all attempt to send requests by the client will be sent by the forward-proxy. In this situation, this forward-proxy acting instead of the user will review the request. It is the first thing to determine what authorization the user has to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject this request, and then send it back to the server that originally sent it. The client is not able to establish a direct connection to the internet; it can only reach what the forward proxy allows the client access.

The most popular uses for forward proxies is greater privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy can be utilized to connect to the internet in place of a client and in that process it can use an alternative IP address to the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.

Depending on how it's been established in the past, forward proxy servers can provide a variety of functions and permit you to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine restrictions based upon your geolocation.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in security systems that require centralized and permission based access like in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer an administrator is able to grant access only to specific individuals to access the web. This is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer which could comprise a range of devices that are different in user and environment the firewall could be placed on an intermediate layer.

It is important to note that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to function, however reverse proxies will be not noticed to the user. Based on whether the address IP of the customer is sent to the source server through the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted, or left unnoticed.

There are many options to investigate for forward proxies:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. This does not include the entire web server. We have a tutorial on how you can install Squid proxy so that it allows private connections to Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better appropriate for scenarios such as with peer-to-peer traffic. You can also examine how you can configure a Dante proxy for private connections using Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as an agent on behalf of a web server that handles incoming requests by clients on its behalf. This web server may comprise one server or multiple servers. It could also serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations a request could come from a client through the internet in general. Most of the time, this request will go directly to the server that hosts the resources the client requires. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating Web servers and direct interaction with the open internet.

From a client's viewpoint, which is from a user's point of view, interfacing with reverse proxy isn't different from connecting directly to your webserver. It's exactly the same, but the client can't tell the difference. The customer requests an item and is given it with no additional configurations that need to be done by the customer.

Reverse proxy proxies may offer some features, including:

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  A centralized layer of security that guards the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules you can establish.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache has been added.
  
  

While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxy providers provide this benefit to the level of an internet server, and not to clients. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls on the web server layer that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, a majority of firewall security could be targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation to interface with firewalls as well as interacting with client requests off of web servers enables them to focus solely on serving the needs of their customers.

If multiple servers are using reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also takes care of how requests are routed on which server. There are many web servers providing the same content but they may offer different kinds of content or a combination of both. These servers may use the HTTP protocol just like a standard web server, however they may also include protocols for applications such as FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to redirect the clients towards specific servers depending on the service requested, or to observe specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also take advantage of their placement in front of web servers by providing the ability to cache data. Large static files can be set with caching rules to stop the web server from being hit every time a request is made and some solutions even offer the possibility of providing static files directly, without involving the web server in any way. In addition the reverse proxy can be able to handle compressing these files.

The well-known Nginx web server has become an extremely popular reverse proxy option. However, Apache is also a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy feature, it is an additional option for Apache and is in contrast to Nginx was designed initially for and was designed specifically for reverse proxy functions.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" along with "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and a false comparison between "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic. These labels are confusing because both types of proxies manage requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to consider the requirements of the application you're developing.

Reverse proxy can be useful when designing an application that is able to provide web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers in all interactions on the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when placed on the internet in front of traffic from clients for personal use or in a workplace environment. They are a representation of your traffic whenever you interact on the internet.

Differentiating by case of use rather than focusing solely on the common naming conventions will help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

This article will explain what a proxy is with the two primary types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Application scenarios that are practical as well as an analysis of useful characteristics were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxy servers, check out our guide on how to install Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy on Apache running on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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