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proxy, also referred to as proxy, also referred to as proxy or proxy server is a server software that sits as a mediator between client and server over the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a user could make a request for something directly to a server, and servers would then serve the resource directly back to the user. Although this approach is simple to grasp and use, adding proxies offers benefits like improved speed, privacy, security and many more. A pass-through layer proxy is a gatekeeper for the internet between clients and servers.

In general generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware with installed proxy software is also often described as a proxy server. However, this article will focus on proxy servers which are generally referred to as software, as well as ones that work together with web servers. We will present a summary of the two types, namely the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique application scenario, and it is often misunderstood because of the identical terms.

This article will give you an understanding of different types of proxy services and the subtypes are, as being able to explain how they can be useful in common configurations. Through this article, you will be able to identify the situations in which you can benefit from a proxy and decide on the best alternative between forward and reverse proxy in any given situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy often called open proxy, also known as open proxy is an agent for a user who wishes to make a request via the internet to an the server that originated the request. In this situation, it's the case that all requests made by the client should be directed directly at the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the instead of the user, will examine the request. It will determine if the client is able to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or redirect it to the original server. The client does not have direct connection to the internet but it is able to access what the forward proxy allows to access.

The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to improve privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy allows you to access the internet instead of clients, and in the process, it'll use an IP address that is different from the IP address originally utilized by the client.

Based on the way it was configured in accordance with the way it was set up, a forward proxy could provide you with a variety of features and the capability to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine limitations based on your geographical place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and access based on permissions, such as at work. If all traffic on the internet is routed through an open forward proxy layer an administrator can restrict access to certain users to the internet. This is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer, which can comprise a range of machines that have different user and environmental settings, a firewall may be installed in the front proxy layer.

Remember that forward proxies have to be manually set up before they can be used in order to be used in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxies are able to not be detected by the user. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is transmitted to the server which originated it through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or left transparent.

There are a variety of options to take into consideration for forward proxies

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  Apache An open source, well-known web server with forward proxy functionality.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server service. Check out our tutorial on how to configure Squid proxy for private connection in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to allow it to be more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to examine how you can configure Dante proxy to allow private connections using Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is a representative of the web server which takes care of incoming requests from clients on behalf of. Web servers can represent one or more servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request comes from a user on the internet in general. In most cases the request will go directly to the server that hosts the information the user wants. Contrarily reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate Web servers from direct interaction with the internet's open.

From the point of view of the user that is a person's perspective, working with reverse proxy is not anything different than working with a Web server in direct communication. It is functionally the same as the web server, and the client is unable tell the distinction. The client is able to make a request for the resource and it receive the resource without any additional configuration on the part of the user.

Reverse proxy providers provide certain features, such as:

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  Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Directing incoming traffic according to rules you have set.
  
  
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  Added functionality for caching.
  
  

Although centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse-proxies apply this for their web server layer and not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls within the web server layer which may contain multiple servers that have different configurations, most of firewall security is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the detachment of the obligation to interface with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients from web servers enables them to concentrate entirely on delivering the needs of their clients.

If there are more than one servers operating through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy could be also responsible for the direction in the requests that are directed to which server. There may be several web servers hosting the same resource, each of them offering a different kind of resources or a combination of the two. These servers may be running their own HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, but they can incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to direct visitors to a specific server based on the type of resource they are looking for, or to adhere to certain rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also make use of their position prior to web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets are capable of being configured with rules for caching to avoid hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions that provide the possibility of providing static files in a direct manner without connecting to the web server in any way. In addition, reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is a very popular reverse proxy option. While Apache has a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is also equipped with reverse proxy function, it is a distinct feature of Apache but Nginx was originally designed and primarily focused on the reverse proxy function.

The difference in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, they also create false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing as both types of proxy can manage requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between those proxies that are forward or reverse is by analyzing the requirements of the application that you are building.

A reverse proxy can be beneficial when creating an application that connects web-based applications on the internet. They act as your servers when you interact using the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when it is put before the user for private use, or in a workplace setting. They act as your client's proxy whenever you interact on the internet.

Distinguishing by use case in lieu of looking at the same names will ensure that you do not get confused.

Conclusion

This article clarified the definition of a proxy along with two kinds, specifically the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxy services, be sure to go through our guide on how to set up Nginx as web server as well as reverse proxy within Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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