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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the perfect cup of coffee. How exactly does it work?

To make best home espresso machine hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter is inserted when you are making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing water into the portafilter and then controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are several different types of group heads, each with their distinct advantages and disadvantages. Some are designed to provide stability in temperature, while others are specifically designed to handle pre-infusion. Some are designed to control the lever. Some are a combination, such as the E61. This is a favorite among baristas since it provides multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the photo above The group head features several notches to place your portafilter before twisting it by hand to secure it. There is also a gasket made of rubber that resides inside the notches and helps to create an airtight seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head permit a precise positioning of the portafilter which is vital to ensure an even extraction.

Apart from allowing you easily connect your portafilter, the group head is responsible for maintaining an even temperature. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket, and around the portafilter, making sure that it is always at the right temperature to extract. This is important because even a few degrees can make the difference between a good and great espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to piston machines that are manually operated, which rely on a lever that pressurize water, Rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to supply the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. The pressure is created by removing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being pumped through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps tend to be cheaper and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines can deteriorate because of frequent use and insufficient cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems and can lead to an expensive price for even the simplest models.

Certain espresso machines remove the pump completely and utilize steam pressure to make espresso. This can lead to over-extraction as the boiler that produces steam also warms the water to boil. Additionally, these machines frequently have to rebuild their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy.

A large majority of espresso machines employ either a vibration or rotary pump. A vibration model utilizes the vibrating disk to create pressure, while a circular model pushes hot liquid through the ground at a fast speed. Both machines can make great espresso, but rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to break.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element which heats the water to the optimal temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter containing the ground espresso and gets funnelled down into the cup. During this process, the steam causes pressure to push through the coffee grounds. This creates a crema on top of the espresso. This is one of the main characteristics of a great espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers, which differ in the type of pump they employ and how hot the espresso is. There are various ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. They employed one boiler to create both steam and brew however, the pressure they could produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure at the most. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. This is the reason Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni created the modern espresso machine.

The most commonly used espresso machine is a semiautomatic that has an electric pump. These are the images people have when they imagine an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic machine you have to grind the beans and then tamp them by hand. The pump regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is a great solution that combines human control with mechanised consistency.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines use filters that separate the grounds of the coffee as they go through the hot water. The filter is also an important part of the temperature control system, because it stops the machine from overheating.

It also helps with flavor, as a filter allows for a longer bloom phase. This allows the beans to release their flavor and allows for better extraction.

However, it is important to keep in mind that even a great filter can produce a bad cup of coffee, because the quality of the beans and extraction is still important.

It's in this area that the magic takes place. This is what makes espresso taste so delicious. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, which is the thingy used to place the coffee machine espresso grounds into, when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines use hot water that is heated inside an airtight container to produce steam. The steam then pushes hot water through the grounds of coffee under high pressure. These types of machines are usually cheaper and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to produce the perfect conditions for brewing, since they are only operating at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. While the perfect shot requires 9-10 bar.

In recent years, espresso machines driven by a compressed air pump have become increasingly popular. They utilize an air compressor Machine espresso to push hot water through the grounds and are much more portable than electric steam-driven machines.